Introduction to the Structural Principles of Multi-Stage Centrifugal Fans
Release date:
2021-02-07
Principle of Multistage Centrifugal Fans: A multistage centrifugal fan uses a high-speed rotating impeller to perform work on the gas, thereby increasing both the gas’s pressure and velocity. The gas, already at a certain pressure, exits the impeller’s edge at a relatively high velocity and flows into the diffuser, where its velocity decreases. Part of the kinetic energy is converted into potential energy, further raising the gas’s pressure. The gas then passes through bends and return vanes before entering the next stage of the compression unit, where it continues to be compressed. Thus, after being compressed through multiple stages of impellers, the gas reaching the desired pressure is finally compressed by the volute, collected in the casing, and discharged into the system via the outlet port.
Principle of multi-stage centrifugal fans:
Multistage centrifugal fan A high-speed rotating impeller is used to work on the gas, thereby increasing both the gas’s pressure and velocity. In a multistage centrifugal fan, gas at a certain pressure flows out from the impeller’s edge at a relatively high velocity and enters the diffuser, where its velocity decreases. A portion of the kinetic energy is converted into potential energy, further raising the gas’s pressure. The gas then flows through bends and return channels into the next stage of the compression unit, where compression continues. Thus, after being compressed by multiple stages of impellers, the gas reaching the required pressure is finally compressed by the volute, collected in the casing, and discharged into the system through the outlet port.
Multi-stage centrifugal fan structure:
The main structure of the multistage centrifugal fan is cast, consisting of an inlet casing, an outlet casing, an intermediate casing, and an impeller. Typically, depending on the customer’s flow and pressure requirements, the intermediate casing and impeller can be connected in series to form a 2- to 8-stage booster fan. For special applications, they can be combined into a 10-stage configuration, achieving a boost pressure of up to 98 kPa. Currently, the flow range of the multistage centrifugal fan models available covers 35 to 220 m³/min.
The machine is directly driven by a variable-frequency motor, and the blower and the motor are connected directly via a coupling. The fan bearings are equipped with temperature and vibration sensors to prevent damage to the fan caused by excessive temperature or increased vibration. Meanwhile, lifting holes, hooks, or lifting rings have been installed on both the blower body and the base for easy installation and maintenance.
Multistage Centrifugal Fan Noise and Efficiency:
Multistage centrifugal fan Flow path design: Computer simulation technology is used to calculate and design the air intake flow path of the fan, the impeller flow path, the intermediate housing flow path, and the exhaust flow path, thereby minimizing collisions and friction between the airflow and the flow paths, reducing noise, and improving efficiency.
Frictionless Design: During operation, the multistage centrifugal fan’s impeller experiences no mechanical friction except for the bearings. This not only reduces noise but also extends the service life of the blower.
Multi-impeller combinations: Each series of fans is designed with a variety of impellers to ensure effective impeller combinations and allow for customized engineering designs tailored to user requirements. This enables multi-stage centrifugal fans to maintain high operational efficiency (with single-stage efficiencies reaching up to 95.3%), thereby achieving significant energy savings.
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